In this study, hydraulic fracturing was performed on cylindrical sandstone samples at varying injection rates using a self-developed experimental system that integrates Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and hydraulic fracturing. The results indicate that low injection rates primarily cause damage at the macropore scale, whereas high injection rates tend to promote micropore-scale damage. This may be attributed to the adsorption-induced swelling of clay minerals within the pore spaces.

Among the many monitoring techniques, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) stands out for its non-destructive and non-invasive nature, making it particularly well-suited for tracking the evolution of pore–fracture systems during microbial mineralization processes. This technique can accurately reveal the migration and adhesion behavior of bacteria within fracture networks, as well as their controlling effect on the spatial distribution of calcium carbonate.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Cryoporometry (NMR-C) is an emerging technique for pore structure characterization.

This study employs the latest low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) technology to investigate the degradation mechanism of argillaceous sandstone under dry-wet cycles by analyzing changes in T2 relaxation times. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a non-destructive testing method, provides a direct and intuitive visualization of the internal deterioration process of argillaceous sandstone caused by repeated dry-wet cycling.

Digital core applications involve the use of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology to reconstruct the three-dimensional digital representation of the microscopic pore network in rocks.

The triaxial compressive behavior of rock is one of the key topics in the field of rock mechanics.